| Total lunar eclipse 2010/12/21 [1] |
|
|---|---|
| Saros (member) | 125 (48) |
| Recent | <S <T < > T> S> |
Near Greatest eclipse (8:11 UTC) Viewed from San Jose, CA |
|
The moon passes right to left through the earth's northern shadow |
|
| Gamma[1] | 0.3213 |
| Duration (hr:mn:sc) | |
| Totality | 1:13:12 |
| Partial | 3:29:22 |
| Penumbral | 5:38:22 |
| Contacts | |
| P1 | 05:27:43 UTC |
| U1 | 06:32:17 UTC |
| U2 | 07:40:21 UTC |
| Greatest | 08:16:56 UTC |
| U3 | 08:53:34 UTC |
| U4 | 10:01:39 UTC |
| P4 | 11:06:04 UTC |
At descending node in Taurus |
|
The December 2010 lunar eclipse occurred from 5:27 to 11:06 UTC on December 21, coinciding with the date of the December solstice. It was visible in its entirety as a total lunar eclipse in North and South America, Iceland, Ireland, Britain and northern Scandinavia.
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The eclipse of December 2010 was the first total lunar eclipse in almost three years, since the February 2008 lunar eclipse.[2]
It is the second of two lunar eclipses in 2010. The first was a partial lunar eclipse on June 26, 2010.[3]
The eclipse was the first total lunar eclipse to occur on the day of the Northern Winter Solstice (Southern Summer Solstice) since 1638, and only the second in the Common Era.[4][5]
This eclipse occurred at the descending node of the moon's orbit. Lunar eclipses are always paired with a solar eclipse either 2 weeks before or after at new moon in the opposite node. In this case, it was followed by a partial solar eclipse at the ascending node on January 4, 2011, visible from Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia.
The following two lunar eclipses will also be total, occurring on June 15, 2011, and December 10, 2011.
The next December solstice total lunar eclipse, as a Metonic twin eclipse, will be December 20, 2029 (19 years later), one day before solstice.
A saros series lasts for many centuries and has a similar event every 18 years and 11 days. This eclipse is the 18th of 26 total lunar eclipses in lunar saros series 125. The previous occurrence was on December 9, 1992, and the next will occur on December 31, 2028.
In North America, the eclipse was visible in its entirety on December 21, 2010, from 12:27 a.m. to 6:06 a.m. Eastern Standard Time.[6] In the Central Standard Time zone and west, the eclipse began the night of December 20.[7] Observers along South America's east coast missed the late stages of the eclipse because they occurred after moon-set.[8]
Likewise much of Europe and Africa experienced moon-set while the eclipse was in progress. In Europe, only those observers in northern Scandinavia (including Iceland), Ireland and Britain could observe the entire event. For observers in eastern Asia the moon rose in eclipse. The eclipse was not visible from southern and eastern Africa, the Middle East or South Asia. In Japan and northeastern Asia, the eclipse's end was visible, with the moon rising at sunset. In the Philippines it was observable as a partial lunar eclipse just after sunset.[8]
Predictions suggested that the total eclipse may appear unusually orange or red, as a result of the eruption of Mount Merapi in Indonesia on October 26.[9]
| Event | HAST (UTC-10) |
AKST (UTC-9) |
PST (UTC-8) |
MST (UTC-7) |
CST (UTC-6) |
EST (UTC-5) |
AST (UTC-4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start penumbral (P1) | 7:27 pm(*) | 8:27 pm(*) | 9:27 pm(*) | 10:27 pm(*) | 11:27 pm(*) | 12:27 am | 1:27 am |
| Start umbral (U1) | 8:32 pm(*) | 9:32 pm(*) | 10:32 pm(*) | 11:32 pm(*) | 12:32 am | 1:32 am | 2:32 am |
| Start total (U2) | 9:40 pm(*) | 10:40 pm(*) | 11:40 pm(*) | 12:40 am | 1:40 am | 2:40 am | 3:40 am |
| Greatest eclipse | 10:17 pm(*) | 11:17 pm(*) | 12:17 am | 1:17 am | 2:17 am | 3:17 am | 4:17 am |
| End total (U3) | 10:53 pm(*) | 11:53 pm(*) | 12:53 am | 1:53 am | 2:53 am | 3:53 am | 4:53 am |
| End umbral (U4) | 12:02 am | 1:02 am | 2:02 am | 3:02 am | 4:02 am | 5:02 am | 6:02 am |
| End penumbral (P4) | 1:06 am | 2:06 am | 3:06 am | 4:06 am | 5:06 am | 6:06 am | 7:06 am |
| (*) before midnight on Monday night, December 20 | |||||||
These simulated views of the earth from the center of the moon during the lunar eclipse show where the eclipse is visible on earth. |
Progression from Raleigh, North Carolina |
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Progression from Raleigh, North Carolina |
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Progression from São Paulo, Brazil |
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Progression from Anchorage, Alaska |
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Sequence from Toronto, Ontario (Sequence is in 15 minute increments, with 5 minute increments up until totality at 8:17am UTC) |
Progression from Toronto, Canada |
From Jacksonville, Florida, 8:29 UTC - 10:06 UTC |
From Easton, Pennsylvania |
Individual shots, sorted by time:
Animations:
The lunar year series repeats after 12 lunations or 354 days (Shifting back about 10 days in sequential years). Because of the date shift, the Earth's shadow will be about 11 degrees west in sequential events.
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saros # ----- Photo |
Date Viewing |
Type chart |
Saros # ----- Photo |
Date Viewing |
Type chart |
|
| 110 | 2009 July 07 |
penumbral |
115 |
2009 Dec 31 |
partial |
|
| 120 |
2010 June 26 |
partial |
125 |
2010 Dec 21 |
total |
|
| 130 |
2011 June 15 |
total |
135 |
2011 Dec 10 |
total |
|
| 140 | 2012 June 04 |
partial |
145 | 2012 Nov 28 |
penumbral |
|
| 150 | 2013 May 25 |
penumbral |
||||
| Last set | 2009 Aug 06 | Last set | 2009 Feb 9 | |||
| Next set | 2013 Apr 25 | Next set | 2013 Oct 18 | |||
The Metonic cycle repeats nearly exactly every 19 years and represents a Saros cycle plus one lunar year. Because it occurs on the same calendar date, the earth's shadow will be in nearly the same location relative to the background stars.
| Ascending node | Descending node |
|---|---|
|
|
The tritos series repeats 31 days short of 11 years at alternating nodes. Sequential events have incremental Saros cycle indices.
This series produces 20 total eclipses between April 24, 1967 and August 1, 2167, only being partial on November 19, 2021.
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saros | Date Viewing |
Type chart |
Saros | Date Viewing |
Type chart |
|
| 115 | 1901 Oct 27 |
Partial |
116 | 1912 Sep 26 |
Partial |
|
| 117 | 1923 Aug 26 |
Partial |
118 | 1934 Jul 26 |
Partial |
|
| 119 | 1945 Jun 25 |
Partial |
120 | 1956 May 24 |
Partial |
|
| 121 | 1967 Apr 24 |
Total |
122 | 1978 Mar 24 |
Total |
|
| 123 | 1989 Feb 20 |
Total |
124 | 2000 Jan 21 |
Total |
|
| 125 | 2010 Dec 21 |
Total |
126 | 2021 Nov 19 |
Partial |
|
| 127 | 2032 Oct 18 |
Total |
128 | 2043 Sep 19 |
Total |
|
| 129 | 2058 Jun 6 |
Total |
130 | 2069 May 6 |
Total |
|
| 131 | 2080 Apr 4 |
Total |
132 | 2091 Mar 5 |
Total |
|
Lunar saros series 125, repeating every 18 years and 11 days, has 26 total lunar eclipses. The first was on June 17, 1704 and the last will be on March 19, 2155. The longest totality occurrence of this series (7th) was on August 22, 1812 when totality lasted one hour and 42 minutes.[11]